閘閥是指關(guān)閉件（閘板）沿通路中心線的垂直方向移動(dòng)的閥門。 閘閥在管路中主要作切斷用。 閘閥是使用很廣的一種閥門，一般口徑DN≥50mm的切斷裝置都選用它，有時(shí)口徑 很小的切斷裝置也選用閘閥，閘閥有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)： 

　　Gate valve refers to a valve whose closing element (gate) moves vertically along the centerline of the passage. Gate valves are mainly used for cutting off in pipelines. Gate valve is a widely used type of valve, generally used for cutting devices with a diameter of DN ≥ 50mm. Sometimes, gate valves are also used for cutting devices with very small diameters. Gate valves have the following advantages:

　?、倭黧w阻力小。

　　① Low fluid resistance.

　?、陂_(kāi)閉所需外力較小。

　?、?The external force required for opening and closing is relatively small.

　?、劢橘|(zhì)的流向不受限制。

　?、?The flow direction of the medium is not restricted.

　　④全開(kāi)時(shí)，密封面受工作介質(zhì)的沖蝕比截止閥小。

　?、?When fully open, the sealing surface is less susceptible to erosion by the working medium than the globe valve.

　?、蒹w形比較簡(jiǎn)單，鑄造工藝性較好。?

　?、?The body shape is relatively simple and the casting process is good.?

　　閘閥也有不足之處：?

　　Gate valves also have shortcomings:?

　?、偻庑纬叽绾烷_(kāi)啟高度都較大。安裝所需空間較大。

　?、?The external dimensions and opening height are both relatively large. The installation requires a large amount of space.

　　②開(kāi)閉過(guò)程中，密封面間有相對(duì)摩擦，容易引起擦傷現(xiàn)象。

　?、?During the opening and closing process, there is relative friction between the sealing surfaces, which can easily cause abrasion.

　?、坶l閥一般都有兩個(gè)密封面，給加工、研磨和維修增加一些困難。

　?、?Gate valves generally have two sealing surfaces, which add some difficulties to processing, grinding, and maintenance.

　　根據(jù)密封元件的形式，常常把閘閥分成幾種不同的類型，如：楔式閘閥、平行式閘閥、平行雙閘板閘閥、楔式雙閘板閘等。最常用的形式是楔式閘閥和平行式閘閥。

　　According to the form of sealing components, gate valves are often divided into several different types, such as wedge gate valves, parallel gate valves, parallel double gate valves, wedge double gate valves, etc. The most commonly used forms are wedge gate valves and parallel gate valves.

　　閘閥是比較常見(jiàn)的通用閥門，用途比較廣泛，主要應(yīng)用于水利、冶金等行業(yè)，其廣泛的使用性能得到了市場(chǎng)的認(rèn)可，下面就閘閥的結(jié)構(gòu)、使用、故障排除、質(zhì)量檢測(cè)等方面進(jìn)行一般性論述。一結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Gate valve is a common universal valve with a wide range of applications, mainly used in industries such as water conservancy and metallurgy. Its extensive performance has been recognized by the market. Below is a general discussion on the structure, use, troubleshooting, quality inspection, and other aspects of gate valves. One structure

　　閘閥的結(jié)構(gòu)：閘閥是利用閘板和閥座來(lái)控制啟閉的閥門。閘閥主要有閥體、閥座、閘板、閥桿、閥蓋、填料函、填料壓蓋、閥桿螺母、手輪等構(gòu)成。依靠閘板與閥座間相對(duì)位置的改變，即可改變通道大小又可截?cái)嗤ǖ馈槭归l閥能夠關(guān)閉嚴(yán)密，閘板與閥座配合面經(jīng)過(guò)研磨。

　　The structure of a gate valve: A gate valve is a valve that uses a gate and a seat to control its opening and closing. Gate valves are mainly composed of valve body, valve seat, gate plate, valve stem, valve cover, packing box, packing gland, valve stem nut, handwheel, etc. By changing the relative position between the gate and the valve seat, the size of the channel can be changed and the channel can be cut off. To ensure that the gate valve can be tightly closed, the mating surface between the gate plate and the valve seat is ground.

　　根據(jù)閘閥結(jié)構(gòu)形狀不同，可將閘閥分為楔式和平行式兩大類。

　　According to the different structural shapes of gate valves, they can be divided into two categories: wedge type and parallel type.

　　楔式閘閥的閘板呈鍥形，密封面與通道中心線成一傾斜角度，利用閘板和閥座間楔的作用達(dá)到密封（關(guān)閉）。楔式板可以是單閘板，也可以是雙閘板。平行式閘閥的密封面是相互平行的，且與通道中心線垂直，分為有撐開(kāi)機(jī)構(gòu)和無(wú)撐開(kāi)機(jī)構(gòu)兩種。有撐開(kāi)機(jī)構(gòu)的雙閘板，當(dāng)閘板下降時(shí)，兩平行閘板的楔塊靠斜面將兩閘板撐開(kāi)在閥座上，截?cái)嗔鞯溃?dāng)閘板上升開(kāi)啟時(shí)，鍥塊與閘板配合面脫離，閘板上升到一定高度，楔塊被閘板上的凸臺(tái)托起。無(wú)撐開(kāi)機(jī)構(gòu)的雙閘板，當(dāng)閘板沿兩平行閥座面滑到閥座內(nèi)時(shí)，利用流體的壓力將閘板壓在閥門出口側(cè)的閥體上，密封流體。

　　The gate of the wedge gate valve is wedge-shaped, and the sealing surface is inclined at an angle to the centerline of the channel. The sealing (closing) is achieved by the wedge effect between the gate and the valve seat. Wedge plates can be single gate or double gate. The sealing surfaces of parallel gate valves are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the centerline of the channel, and are divided into two types: those with expansion mechanism and those without expansion mechanism. A double gate with an opening mechanism, when the gate descends, the wedges of the two parallel gate plates are supported by inclined surfaces to open the two gate plates on the valve seat, cutting off the flow channel. When the gate plate rises and opens, the wedge block disengages from the mating surface of the gate plate, and when the gate plate rises to a certain height, the wedge block is supported by the protrusion on the gate plate. The double gate without a supporting mechanism, when the gate slides along two parallel valve seat surfaces into the valve seat, uses the pressure of the fluid to press the gate onto the valve body on the outlet side of the valve, sealing the fluid.

　　根據(jù)閘板啟閉時(shí)閥桿運(yùn)動(dòng)情況的不同，閘閥分為明桿閘閥和暗桿閘閥兩類。明桿閘閥的閥桿和閘板在開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉時(shí)，同時(shí)上升和下降；暗桿閘閥在開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉時(shí)，閥桿僅作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，看不到閥桿的升降，閥板作上升或下降運(yùn)動(dòng)。明桿閘閥的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能通過(guò)閥桿上升高度判斷通道開(kāi)啟高度，但能縮短占有高度。當(dāng)面向手輪或手柄時(shí)，順時(shí)針?lè)较蜣D(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手輪或手柄，閥門為關(guān)。

　　According to the different movement of the valve stem during gate opening and closing, gate valves are divided into two types: rising stem gate valves and hidden stem gate valves. The stem and gate of a rising stem gate valve rise and fall simultaneously when opened or closed; When the concealed stem gate valve is opened or closed, the valve stem only rotates and the lifting of the valve stem cannot be seen. The valve plate moves up or down. The advantage of a rising stem gate valve is that it can determine the opening height of the channel by the height of the valve stem, but it can also shorten the occupied height. When facing the handwheel or handle, turn the handwheel or handle clockwise to close the valve.

　　二閘閥使用的場(chǎng)合和選用原則

　　The occasions and selection principles for the use of gate valves

　　01平板閘閥

　　01 Flat Gate Valve

　　平板閘閥的使用場(chǎng)合：（1）石油、天然氣輸送管線，帶導(dǎo)流孔的平板閘閥還便于清掃管線。（2）成品油的輸送管線和儲(chǔ)存設(shè)備。（3）石油、天然氣的開(kāi)采口裝置。（4）帶有懸浮顆粒介質(zhì)的管道。（5）城市煤氣輸送管線。（6）自來(lái)水工程。

　　Application scenarios of flat gate valves: (1) For oil and gas transmission pipelines, flat gate valves with guide holes are also convenient for cleaning pipelines. (2) Transportation pipelines and storage equipment for refined oil products. (3) Oil and natural gas extraction facilities. (4) Pipelines with suspended particulate media. (5) Urban gas transmission pipeline. (6) Water supply project.

　　平板閘閥的選用原則：（1）石油、天然氣的輸送管線，選用單閘板或雙閘板的平板閘閥。如需清掃管線的，選用單閘板帶導(dǎo)流孔的明桿平板閘閥。（2）成品油的輸送管線和儲(chǔ)存設(shè)備，選用無(wú)導(dǎo)流孔的單閘板或雙閘板的平板閘閥。（3）石油、天然氣的開(kāi)采口裝置，選用暗桿浮動(dòng)閥座帶導(dǎo)流孔的單閘板或雙閘板的平板閘閥。（4）帶有懸浮顆粒介質(zhì)的管道，選用刀形平板閘閥。（5）城市煤氣輸送管線，選用單閘板或雙閘板軟密封明桿平板閘閥。（6）自來(lái)水工程，選用單閘板或雙閘板無(wú)導(dǎo)流孔明桿平板閘閥。

　　The selection principle of flat gate valves: (1) For oil and gas transmission pipelines, single or double gate flat gate valves should be selected. If pipeline cleaning is required, choose a rising stem flat gate valve with a single gate and guide hole. (2) For the transportation pipelines and storage equipment of finished oil products, single or double gate flat gate valves without diversion holes shall be selected. (3) The extraction port equipment for oil and natural gas shall use single or double gate flat gate valves with concealed floating valve seats and guide holes. (4) For pipelines with suspended particulate media, knife shaped flat gate valves are selected. (5) Single or double gate soft sealed rising stem flat gate valves are selected for urban gas transmission pipelines. (6) For water engineering, single or double gate open stem flat gate valves without diversion holes shall be selected.

　　02楔式閘閥楔式閘閥的適用場(chǎng)合：在各種類型的閥門中，閘閥是應(yīng)用*廣泛的一種，它一般只適用于全開(kāi)或全關(guān)，不能作調(diào)節(jié)和節(jié)流使用。

　　02 Wedge Gate Valve Application: Among various types of valves, gate valve is the most widely used one. It is generally only suitable for fully open or fully closed and cannot be used for regulation or throttling.

　　楔式閘閥一般用在對(duì)閥門的外形尺寸沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格要求，而且使用條件又比較苛刻的場(chǎng)所。如高溫高壓的工作介質(zhì)，要求關(guān)閉件要保證長(zhǎng)期密封的情況下等。

　　Wedge gate valves are generally used in places where there are no strict requirements for the external dimensions of the valve and the usage conditions are relatively harsh. For working media with high temperature and pressure, it is required to ensure long-term sealing of the closing components.

　　通常，使用條件或要求密封性能可靠，高壓、高壓截止（壓差大）、低壓截止（壓差?。?、低噪音、有氣穴和汽化現(xiàn)象、高溫介質(zhì)、低溫（深冷）時(shí)，推薦使用鍥式閘閥。如電力工業(yè)、石油冶煉、石油化工、海洋石油、城市建設(shè)中自來(lái)水工程和污水處理工程，化工等領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用較多。

　　Usually, reliable sealing performance is required for high pressure, high pressure cutoff (large pressure difference), low pressure cutoff (small pressure difference), low noise, cavitation and vaporization phenomena, high temperature medium, and low temperature (deep cold). It is recommended to use wedge gate valves. It is widely used in fields such as power industry, petroleum smelting, petrochemicals, offshore oil, urban construction, water engineering and sewage treatment engineering, and chemical industry.

　　選用原則：（1）對(duì)閥門流體特性的要求。流阻小、流通能力強(qiáng)、流量特性好、密封要求嚴(yán)的工況選用閘閥。（2）高溫、高壓介質(zhì)。如高壓蒸汽、高溫高壓油品。（3）低溫（深冷）介質(zhì)。如液氨、液氫、液氧等介質(zhì)。（4）低壓大口徑。如自來(lái)水工程、污水處理工程。（5）安裝位置：當(dāng)安裝高度受限制時(shí)選用暗桿鍥式閘閥；當(dāng)高度不受限制時(shí)選用明桿鍥式閘閥。（6）只能做全開(kāi)或全關(guān)用，不能作調(diào)節(jié)和節(jié)流用的場(chǎng)合，才能選用鍥式閘閥。三常見(jiàn)故障與維修

　　Selection principle: (1) Requirements for valve fluid characteristics. Gate valves are selected for working conditions with low flow resistance, strong flow capacity, good flow characteristics, and strict sealing requirements. (2) High temperature and high-pressure media. Such as high-pressure steam, high-temperature and high-pressure oil products. (3) Low temperature (cryogenic) medium. Such as liquid ammonia, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and other media. (4) Low pressure large caliber. Such as water supply projects and sewage treatment projects. (5) Installation position: When the installation height is limited, use a concealed stem wedge gate valve; When the height is not limited, choose a rising stem wedge gate valve. (6) Wedge gate valves can only be used for fully open or fully closed applications and cannot be used for regulating or throttling purposes. Three common faults and maintenance

　　01閘閥的常見(jiàn)故障及原因閘閥使用后，由于介質(zhì)溫度、壓力、腐蝕及各接觸件相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)等作用，常出現(xiàn)以下問(wèn)題。（1）泄漏：分為兩種，即外部泄漏和內(nèi)部泄漏。向閥外的泄漏稱為外漏，外漏常見(jiàn)于填料箱、法蘭連接處。填料箱泄漏的原因：填料品種或質(zhì)量不符合要求；填料老化或閥桿磨損；填料壓蓋松動(dòng)；閥桿表面擦傷。法蘭連接處泄漏的原因：墊片材質(zhì)或尺寸不符合要求；法蘭密封面加工質(zhì)量差；連接螺栓緊固不當(dāng)；管道配置不合理，在連接處產(chǎn)生過(guò)大附加載荷。閥門內(nèi)部泄漏的原因：閥門關(guān)閉不嚴(yán)形成的泄漏為內(nèi)部泄漏，是閥門密封面受到損壞或密封圈根部不嚴(yán)造成的。（1）腐蝕常為閥體、閥蓋、閥桿、法蘭密封面腐蝕。腐蝕主要是由于介質(zhì)的作用，也有填料、墊片中釋放出離子的作用。（2）擦傷：閘板與閥座在有一定接觸比壓情況下做相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)生的局部表面拉毛或剝落現(xiàn)象。

　　Common faults and causes of 01 gate valve: After using the gate valve, the following problems often occur due to the effects of medium temperature, pressure, corrosion, and relative movement of various contact parts. (1) Leakage: There are two types, namely external leakage and internal leakage. Leakage to the outside of the valve is called external leakage, which is commonly found at packing boxes and flange connections. The reason for the leakage of the packing box: the type or quality of the packing does not meet the requirements; Aging of packing or wear of valve stem; Loose packing gland; Scratches on the surface of the valve stem. The reason for the leakage at the flange connection: the gasket material or size does not meet the requirements; Poor processing quality of flange sealing surface; Improper tightening of connecting bolts; The pipeline configuration is unreasonable, resulting in excessive additional load at the connection. The reason for internal leakage of valves: Leakage caused by loose valve closure is internal leakage, which is caused by damage to the valve sealing surface or loose sealing at the root of the sealing ring. (1) Corrosion often occurs on the valve body, valve cover, valve stem, and flange sealing surface. Corrosion is mainly caused by the action of the medium, as well as the release of ions from fillers and gaskets. (2) Scratch: Local surface abrasion or peeling phenomenon that occurs when the gate and valve seat move relative to each other under certain contact pressure.

　　02閘閥的維修

　　02 Maintenance of Gate Valve

　?。?）閥門外部泄漏的修理壓緊填料時(shí)，應(yīng)對(duì)稱上壓蓋螺栓，避免壓蓋傾斜，并留有供壓緊用的間隙。在壓緊填料的同時(shí)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)閥桿，以使閥桿周圍填料均勻，并防止壓的太死，以免影響閥桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，增加對(duì)填料的磨損，縮短使用壽命。閥桿表面擦傷，使介質(zhì)易于外漏，應(yīng)加工消除閥桿表面?zhèn)酆笤偈褂?。?duì)法蘭連接處的外漏，若為墊片損壞，應(yīng)更換；若為墊片材質(zhì)選擇不當(dāng)，應(yīng)選擇能滿足使用要求的材質(zhì)；若為法蘭密封面加工質(zhì)量差，須拆下后對(duì)法蘭密封面重新加工，直至合格為止。除此之外，適當(dāng)緊固法蘭螺栓，正確配置管道，避免在法蘭連接處產(chǎn)生過(guò)大附加載荷，都有利于防止法蘭連接處的泄漏。

　　(1) When repairing the external leakage of the valve and compressing the packing, the pressure cover bolt should be weighed to avoid tilting the cover and leave a gap for compression. At the same time as tightening the packing, the valve stem should be rotated to ensure even packing around the stem and prevent excessive pressure, which may affect the rotation of the stem, increase wear on the packing, and shorten its service life. The surface of the valve stem is scratched, making it easy for the medium to leak out. It should be processed to eliminate the surface scratches on the valve stem before use. For the external leakage at the flange connection, if the gasket is damaged, it should be replaced; If the material selection for the gasket is improper, a material that meets the usage requirements should be chosen; If the processing quality of the flange sealing surface is poor, it must be disassembled and reprocessed until it is qualified. In addition, properly tightening flange bolts, correctly configuring pipelines, and avoiding excessive additional loads at flange connections are all beneficial for preventing leakage at flange connections.

　?。?）閥門內(nèi)部泄漏的修理內(nèi)部泄漏的修理，是消除密封面損傷及密封圈根部不嚴(yán)（當(dāng)密封圈用壓入法或螺紋固定在閥板或閥座上時(shí)）。若密封面是在閥體、閥板上直接加工而成，不存在根部不嚴(yán)及泄漏的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)密封面嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，且密封面是由密封圈形成時(shí)，應(yīng)將舊圈去掉，另配一個(gè)新密封圈；若密封面是直接在閥體上加工出來(lái)的，則應(yīng)先將損壞的密封面除去，之后將新?lián)Q的密封圈或加工后的表面研磨成新的密封面。當(dāng)密封面的劃痕、撞傷、壓傷、凹痕等缺陷小于0.05mm時(shí)，可用研磨消除。密封圈根部發(fā)生泄漏，當(dāng)密封圈采用壓入固定時(shí)，可將四氟乙烯帶或白厚漆置于閥座或密封圈環(huán)槽底部后，再壓入密封圈，使密封圈根部被填塞；當(dāng)密封圈為螺紋固定時(shí)，應(yīng)將聚四氟乙烯帶或白厚漆置于螺紋間，以阻止流體從螺紋間泄漏。

　　(2) The repair of internal leakage in valves is to eliminate damage to the sealing surface and loose sealing at the root of the sealing ring (when the sealing ring is fixed on the valve plate or seat by pressing or threading). If the sealing surface is directly processed on the valve body or valve plate, there is no problem of loose roots or leakage. When the sealing surface is severely damaged and is formed by a sealing ring, the old ring should be removed and a new sealing ring should be installed; If the sealing surface is directly machined on the valve body, the damaged sealing surface should be removed first, and then the newly replaced sealing ring or machined surface should be ground into a new sealing surface. When the scratches, bumps, dents, and other defects on the sealing surface are less than 0.05mm, they can be eliminated by grinding. Leakage occurs at the root of the sealing ring. When the sealing ring is fixed by pressing, PTFE tape or thick white paint can be placed at the bottom of the valve seat or sealing ring groove, and then the sealing ring can be pressed in to fill the root of the sealing ring; When the sealing ring is fixed with threads, PTFE tape or thick white paint should be placed between the threads to prevent fluid leakage from between the threads.

　　（3）閥門腐蝕的修理一般情況下，閥體、閥蓋均勻腐蝕，而閥桿常為點(diǎn)蝕。修理時(shí)，應(yīng)先將腐蝕產(chǎn)物除去，對(duì)出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)蝕麻坑的閥桿，應(yīng)在車床加工，消除凹陷，改用含有緩釋劑的填料，或用蒸餾水清洗填料，除去填料中對(duì)閥桿有腐蝕作用的離子。（4）密封面擦傷的修理閥門使用中，應(yīng)盡量防止密封面擦傷，關(guān)閉閥門時(shí)扭矩不能過(guò)大。如果密封面擦傷可用研磨消除。四閘閥的檢測(cè)

　　(3) In general, the repair of valve corrosion involves uniform corrosion of the valve body and cover, while the valve stem often experiences pitting corrosion. When repairing, the corrosion products should be removed first. For valve stems with pitting and pitting, they should be machined on a lathe to eliminate dents, and replaced with packing containing slow-release agents or cleaned with distilled water to remove ions that corrode the valve stem. (4) During the use of repair valves with scratched sealing surfaces, efforts should be made to prevent such scratches, and excessive torque should not be applied when closing the valve. If the sealing surface is scratched, it can be eliminated by grinding. Inspection of Four Gate Valves

　　在目前的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境和用戶需要中，鐵質(zhì)閘閥占了很大比重。作為產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量檢測(cè)人員，除了對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的檢測(cè)要比較熟悉外，還要對(duì)產(chǎn)品本身有較好的了解。

　　In the current market environment and user needs, iron gate valves account for a large proportion. As a product quality inspector, in addition to being familiar with product quality testing, one also needs to have a good understanding of the product itself.

　　01鐵質(zhì)閘閥的檢測(cè)依據(jù)鐵質(zhì)閘閥的檢測(cè)依據(jù)是國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T12232-2005《通用閥門法蘭連接鐵質(zhì)閘閥》。

　　The testing basis for 01 iron gate valves is the national standard GB/T12232-2005 "General Valve Flanged Iron Gate Valves".

　　02鐵質(zhì)閘閥的檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目主要包括：標(biāo)志、最小壁厚、壓力試驗(yàn)、殼體試驗(yàn)等，其中壁厚、壓力、殼體試驗(yàn)是必須的檢查項(xiàng)目，也是關(guān)鍵項(xiàng)目，若有不合格項(xiàng)，可直接判定為不合格產(chǎn)品。

　　The inspection items of 02 iron gate valve mainly include: marking, minimum wall thickness, pressure test, shell test, etc. Among them, wall thickness, pressure, and shell test are necessary inspection items and key items. If there are any unqualified items, they can be directly judged as unqualified products.

　　總之，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)中是整個(gè)產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)中*重要的組成部分，其重要性不言而喻，作為一線檢驗(yàn)工作人員，一定要不斷加強(qiáng)自身素質(zhì)，不但要把產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)工作做好，還要對(duì)檢驗(yàn)的產(chǎn)品有一個(gè)了解，這樣才能更好的做好檢驗(yàn)工作。

　　In short, product quality inspection is an essential component of the entire product inspection process, and its importance is self-evident. As frontline inspection personnel, we must constantly strengthen our own quality, not only to do a good job in product inspection, but also to have an understanding of the products being inspected, so as to better carry out the inspection work.